| 胡志宇.英国运用科学技术化解“雾都”问题的经验[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2013,28(8):59~63 |
| 英国运用科学技术化解“雾都”问题的经验 |
| UK Experience: Improve Air Quality Based on Science and Technology |
| 投稿时间：2013-04-18 修订日期：2013-08-21 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2013.08.012 |
| 中文关键词: 英国；雾霾；空气质量；产业转型；1952 年伦敦烟雾事件 |
| 英文关键词: the UK；haze；air quality；industrial restructuring；1952 London Smog |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目前雾霾天气在我国北京等大城市愈发常见，而历史上伦敦也曾因空气质量不佳被称为“雾都”。英国历时几十年出台一系列政策，环境治理取得了较好效果，空气质量明显改善。英国在解决环境治理与经济发展之间的矛盾时，科学技术发挥了巨大作用，其环境治理模式既兼顾生态文明也体现出物质文明。分析英国治理环境的经验，科学技术主要是从 4 个方面发挥作用：技术创新培育新产业，形成新的经济增长点；政府促使行业开发和推广绿色技术，改造传统产业；基础研究为政府决策科学化提供坚实证据；绿色科技成果助力国家外交和引领未来国际贸易。历史上伦敦烟雾污染最严重时，英国的人均国民生产总值与我国现在大致相当，发展阶段也有相似之处，其经验具有较强的参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Foggy days or haze are increasingly common in Beijing and other major cities in China, a similar situation in the history of the UK. London was called “the Fog City” by its poor air quality. After 1952 London Smog Disaster, the UK introduced a series of policies and achieved good results. Its air quality improved
significantly. In-depth research showed that science and technology played a key role in resolving the conflict between environmental governance and economic development, and found a feasible treatment model combining ecological civilization and substantial one. Based on analysis of the UK experience, author puts forward that science and technology can be active in four areas: Technological innovation creates new industries for the economy growth; promoting green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries; basic researches provides the solid evidence for scientific decision-making by government; green science facilitates the national interests of diplomacy and world trade. Britain’s per capita GDP in 1952 is roughly equivalent to China’s current per capita GDP , so the UK experiences can be learned by the Chinese counterpart. |
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