| 张明妍,刘馨阳,邓大胜.中美科技人力资源规模与结构比较研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2017,32(1):32~39 |
| 中美科技人力资源规模与结构比较研究 |
| Comparative Study on Science and Technology Human Resources between China and the United States |
| 投稿时间：2016-11-24 修订日期：2016-11-24 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2017.01.006 |
| 中文关键词: 中国；美国；科技人力资源；人力资源规模与结构 |
| 英文关键词: China; U.S.; science and technology human resources; human resources scale and structure |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2632 |
| 全文下载次数: 2598 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 科技人力资源是实现科技强国战略目标的决定性因素。本文通过分析国内外统计调查数据，比较中国和美国科技人力资源规模与结构的相似性和差异性，为我国科技人才队伍建设提供参考。研究发现，中国的科技人力资源呈现快速增长态势，规模居世界前列，但人力资源的密度和质量仍显著低于美国，主要反映在R&D人员密度和学历层次水平上；中国科技人力资源偏年轻化，美国呈现出老龄化趋势；美国对外国劳动力依赖性较强，中国人才回流现象显现；两国均努力完善科技人力资源结构，如进一步提升女性比例、引导人才向企业集聚等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The science and technology human resources are important determinant of national S&T development. According to the statistics data around the world, the similarities and differences of scales and structures of science and technology human resources are compared between China and the United States, which provides reference for construction of China’s science and technology talents team. The results show that China’s science and technology human resources are growing sharply with a world-leading scale, yet the intensity and quality are still lower than those of US; China’s science and technology human resources are younger, while US has a continued dependence on overseas migration; The structure of human resources is improving gradually in these two countries, which is reflected in the proportion of women and the gathering of talents into enterprises. |
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