| 仲 平,李 昕,汪 航.美国大科学计划和工程管理的制度与模式——以美国NSF大型研究设施建设计划为例[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2017,32(11-12):43~50,73 |
| 美国大科学计划和工程管理的制度与模式——以美国NSF大型研究设施建设计划为例 |
| The Management of Big Science Projects in the U.S.: the Example of NSF’s MREFC Account |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-15 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2017.11-12.008 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；大科学计划；大科学工程；大型研究设施建设计划； |
| 英文关键词: U.S.; Big Science; Mega-Science; large-scale research facility building project |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2990 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 凭借强大的整体科技实力和长期的巨额科研投入，美国引领着几乎所有重要领域的大科学研发与国际合作。本文梳理了20世纪中叶以来美国国内关于国际大科学项目的态度变迁，分析总结了美国大科学项目组织和管理体系的4个特点：并未制定国家层面的大科学规划；国际大科学合作是国内大科学项目管理体系的有机组成；项目酝酿组织自下而上，由科学界驱动；管理与决策程序细致公开透明。本文还以美国国家科学基金会大型研究设施建设计划为例解析了美国大科学项目的组织、资助与管理模式，以期为中国牵头组织国际大科学计划和大科学工程有关工作提供借鉴和参 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The U.S. is leading the big science projects and related international cooperation in almost all fields of the science domain, thanks to its overall predominant capacity on science and technology, and the long-term and steady investment in big science. This paper analyzes the development of big science projects in U.S. since 1950s. And it summarizes the U.S. big science project management system with 4 characteristics: there is no national level big science project planning; international cooperation is integrated into the overall domestic management system; projects are formed via bottom-up approach and driven by science community; open, transparent and detailed management and decision making processes and procedures are established. Finally, the paper elaborates further on how big science projects are identified, developed, prioritized, and selected for funding with the NSF MREFC Account as an example, in the hope of sheding lights on the endeavor proposed by China to sponsor big science international cooperation projects in the coming years. |
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