| 孔江涛,蒋苏南,谈 戈.英国高效能国家创新体系架构与特点[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2019,34(7):7~14 |
| 英国高效能国家创新体系架构与特点 |
| The Structure and Characteristics of Britain Efficient National Innovation System |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-14 修订日期：2019-06-14 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2019.07.002 |
| 中文关键词: 英国；国家创新体系；知识创造体系 |
| 英文关键词: Britain; national innovation system; knowledge creation system |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 英国作为近代科学和工业革命发祥地，长期以来一直保持着世界一流的科技创新能力，这离不开其高效的国家创新体系。为深入理解国家创新体系中政府、科学团体及产业界的关系，本文梳理分析了近30年来英国国家创新体系的演变，从政府科技创新管理体系、知识创造体系、创新赋能体系、创新服务体系和国际合作体系5个方面解构各个子体系的主体和职能设计，总结分析了英国国家创新体系政府强化宏观统筹、科学团体潜心卓越研究、企业着力创新转化、科技中介专业化服务各居其位、协调互动、构成良好生态体系的特点。结合我国科技发展实力与地位变化，建议在建设和完善国家创新体系时，注重把握好宏观统筹与微观放权、技术攻关与基础研究、体系的韧性与敏锐性平衡的关系，以更好地推进我国世界科技强国建设。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the birthplace of modern science and industrial revolution, Britain has long maintained the world-class ability in science, technology and innovation, which is inseparable from its efficient national innovation system. In order to understand the relationship among the government, scientific organizations and industry in national innovation system, this paper analyses the evolution of British national innovation system in the past 30 years, and deconstructs each sub-system from five aspects: the government sci and tech innovation management system, knowledge creation system, innovation enabling system, innovation service system and international cooperation system. The main body and functions are summarized and analyzed, including the strengthening of macro management by government, the devotion of scientific organizations to cut-edging research, the translation and commercialization by enterprises and the professional service by sci and tech innovation intermediaries. With the strength and status of China’s sci and tech development, it is suggested that in promoting the national innovation system, we should pay attention to the relationship between macro management and micro independent research, the strive to make technology breakthrough and basic research, system resilience and sensitivity balance, so as to better promote the building of a strong country in science and technology. |
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