| 刘 艳.从对历史数据的量化分析看中美两国研发支出的社会经济效益[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2019,34(8):12~22,33 |
| 从对历史数据的量化分析看中美两国研发支出的社会经济效益 |
| The Social and Economic Benefits of R&D Expenditure in China and in the United States From the Quantitative Analysis of Historical Data |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-30 修订日期：2019-07-30 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2019.08.003 |
| 中文关键词: 研发支出；高技术出口；专利申请；科技期刊论文 |
| 英文关键词: R&D expenditure; high-technology exports; patent applications; S&T journal articles |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 量化分析研发经费投入与产出的社会经济效益越来越重要。本文以中国和美国历史数据为研究对象，选取专利申请量（居民）、科技期刊论文数、高技术出口三个指标为代表，衡量研发活动对社会经济影响的输出；选取年度研发经费支出及其来源构成等相关参数作为输入，通过数据分析得出以下结论：一是研发活动直接与以专利、论文、高技术出口为代表的社会经济发展产出线性正相关；二是专利申请量（居民）与五年前的研发支出、科技期刊论文数与四年前的基础研究支出、高技术出口与六年前的研发支出呈强线性相关。在此基础上，本文提出以更长远眼光前瞻部署科技规划、重视基础研究经费投入比例的建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It becomes more and more important to quantitativelyanalyzethe performance of rapidly increasing R&D expenditure both in China and in USA. This article chose patent applications (residents), scientific and technical journal articles and high-technology exports as three output parameters to measure the social and economic benefits of R&D expenditure. At the same time, it chose R&D expenditure and several other relative parameters as inputs to measure a country’s R&D investment.This article drew following conclusions after analyzing historical data from 1953 to 2016. First, there was a causal relationship between the inputs and the outputs, which meant R&D expenditure had direct social and economic benefits. Second, R&D expenditure 5 years ago had a strong linear relationship with patent applications (residents), basic research expenditure 4 years ago had a strong linear relationship with scientific and technical journal articles, R&D expenditure 6 years ago had a strong linear relationship with high-technology exports, which meant R&D expenditure (including basic research expenditure) took a long time to make the most benefits. In the end, this article offered two suggestions for policy makers. First, it is necessary for policy makers to have a long-term view and have determinations to invest R&D in advance and have patience to wait them make the most impact after 4 to 6 years. Second, it is necessary for policy makers to pay attention not only on the amount of R&D expenditure but also on its structure and allocate more resources on basic research expenditure. |
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