| 叶南均.从 OpenAI 结盟看 AI 软硬件生态竞争新态势[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,(11-12):53~64 |
| 从 OpenAI 结盟看 AI 软硬件生态竞争新态势 |
| New Landscape of AI Software-Hardware Ecosystem Competition: Insights from OpenAI’s Strategic Alliances |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-15 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.11-12.007 |
| 中文关键词: 人工智能；生态系统竞争；战略联盟；垂直整合；价值链；OpenAI |
| 英文关键词: artificial intelligence; ecosystem competition; strategic alliance; vertical integration; value chain; OpenAI |
| 基金项目:广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“基于图谱信息穿透的多维警务数据分析技术研究”（2023KY0912）；广西高 等教育本科教学改革工程项目“基于多模态知识图谱的《大数据存储与管理》课程教学改革与实践研究”（2024JGA398）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）技术的加速演进，全球 AI 产业的竞争范式正经
历深刻变革，从过去聚焦算法模型的单点突破，转向以算力为核心、软硬件深度协同的生态系统级对抗。
以 OpenAI 系列战略结盟事件为研究案例，系统分析了其与芯片制造商、云服务提供商及硬件设计公
司间的多方战略合作。基于 AI 价值链理论和平台生态系统理论，构建多层次分析框架，系统阐述了当
前 AI 软硬件生态竞争的新特征。研究发现，以 OpenAI 为代表的头部 AI 企业正在通过深度介入芯
片定制，实施多云部署策略，效仿苹果公司构建从底层硬件到上层应用的全栈式封闭生态，应对算力
稀缺挑战并巩固其市场领导地位。这种垂直整合与生态锁定的新趋势，不仅重塑了全球 AI 产业的竞
争格局，也对技术路线、商业模式和供应链安全产生了深远影响。为深入理解当前 AI 产业的核心竞
争逻辑提供理论洞察，并为中国 AI 企业在新的全球竞争态势下制定发展战略、构建自主可控的产业
生态提供决策参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As artificial intelligence technology accelerates its evolution, the competitive paradigm of the global AI
industry is undergoing a profound transformation, shifting from past focuses on single-point breakthroughs in algorithms
to ecosystem-level confrontations centered on computing power and deep software-hardware synergy. This paper takes
the strategic alliances by OpenAI as a starting point to deeply analyze its strategic maneuvers with chip manufacturers,
cloud service providers, and hardware design firms. Based on AI value chain theory and platform ecosystem theory,
this research constructs a multi-layered analytical framework to systematically elaborate on the new characteristics of
the current AI software-hardware ecosystem competition. This paper finds that leading AI companies, represented by
OpenAI, are addressing the challenge of computing power scarcity and consolidating their market leadership by deeply
engaging in chip customization, implementing multi-cloud deployment strategies, and emulating Apple’s model to
build a full-stack, closed ecosystem from underlying hardware to upper-level applications. This new trend of vertical
integration and ecosystem lock-in not only reshapes the competitive landscape of the global AI industry but also has
far-reaching implications for technological roadmaps, business models, and supply chain security. The conclusions of
this paper aim to provide theoretical insights for understanding the core competitive logic of the current AI industry and
to offer decision-making references for Chinese AI enterprises in formulating development strategies and building an
autonomous and controllable industrial ecosystem under the new global competitive situation |
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