| 韩秋明.美国依托企业打造国家级研发平台经验及启示[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,(11-12):77~84 |
| 美国依托企业打造国家级研发平台经验及启示 |
| Experience and Implications of the U.S. in Building National-Level R&D Platforms Relying on Enterprises |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-29 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2025.11-12.009 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；企业；国家级研发平台；国家实验室；联邦资助的研发中心 |
| 英文关键词: the United States; enterprises; national-level R&D platforms; national laboratories; Federally Funded R&D Centers |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 65 |
| 全文下载次数: 143 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 美国依托企业积极构建、打造、运营国家级研发平台，推动科技创新持续发展。分析梳理美
国依托企业打造国家级研发平台的 4 种模式：一是企业运营联邦资助的国家实验室，如霍尼韦尔全资
子公司运营桑迪亚国家实验室。二是企业与政府、大学共建国家技术创新中心 , 如企业在“美国制造”
项目中扮演技术定义者、资金支持者、成果验证者等多种角色。三是企业成为国家先进技术项目主导
承包商 , 如洛克希德·马丁公司（Lockheed Martin，LM）主导“猎鹰计划”，负责方案设计，突破性材
料、导航算法等研发 , 并组织飞行试验和系统集成。四是企业与国家级研究机构联合开展重大研究，
如国际商业机器公司（International Business Machines Corporation，IBM）与布鲁克海文国家实验
室合作开展量子计算研究。同时为中国依托企业打造国家级研发平台提出明晰战略定位、构建体系化
能力、优化协同与开放机制等建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The United States’ reliance on enterprises to actively build, develop, and operate national-level R&D
platforms is a crucial measure to promote the continuous development of scientific and technological innovation.
This paper analyzes four main models. First, enterprise operates federally funded national laboratories, such as
Honeywell’s wholly-owned subsidiary operating Sandia National Laboratories.Second, enterprise collaborates
with the government and universities to build national technology innovation centers, such as in the “Manufacturing
USA” , where enterprise plays multiple roles as technology definers, funders, results verifiers et cetera. Third,
enterprise becomes lead contractor for national advanced technology projects, such as Lockheed Martin leading
the “Falcon Program,” responsible for program design, breakthrough materials, thermal protection systems and
system integration. Fourth, enterprise collaborates with national research institutions on major research projects,
such as IBM’s collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory on quantum computing research. The article
proposes recommendations for China to build national-level R&D platforms anchored by enterprises. Key
recommendations include clarifying strategic positioning, systematically building capabilities, shifting from
project-driven to platform-driven approaches, and optimizing collaboration and open mechanisms. |
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