| 季洪帆,王建芳.政策工具视角下的美国人工智能政策演进分析[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2026,41(4):9~20 |
| 政策工具视角下的美国人工智能政策演进分析 |
| Analysis of the Evolution of the United States Artificial Intelligence Policy from the Perspective of Policy Instruments |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 人工智能；政策工具；美国政府；政策分析；比较研究 |
| 英文关键词: Artificial Intelligence; Policy Instruments; the United States Government; Policy Analysis; Comparative Study |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 45 |
| 全文下载次数: 38 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，AI）已成为全球科技竞争和战略博弈的关键领域，美国相关
政策的演进对全球AI 治理具有重要影响。基于政策工具理论，对 2017 年特朗普政府上台以来美国AI
政策文本进行系统编码与比较分析，考察不同时期政策工具选择与演进特征。研究发现，美国AI 政策
整体呈现环境型工具主导、供给型工具支撑、需求型工具补充的结构格局。不同政府在政策工具配置
上存在显著差异：特朗普政府侧重运用供给型与需求型政策工具强化技术创新与产业竞争；拜登政府
则注重运用环境型政策工具，突出治理导向。总体来看，美国AI 政策呈现出由“技术竞争”向“治理监管”，
再回归“强化竞争”的动态演化。以期系统理解美国AI 政策的演进逻辑，为中国开展 AI 治理研究提供
参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical domain in global technological competition
and strategic rivalry. The evolution of the United States policies in this field significantly influences global AI
governance. Based on the policy instrument theory, this study systematically codes and conducts a comparative
analysis of the U.S. federal AI policy texts since the Trump administration took office in 2017, examining the
selection and evolution of policy instruments across different periods. The findings reveal that the overall structure
of the U.S. AI policy is characterized by environmental instruments, supported by supply-side instruments and
supplemented by demand-side instruments. Significant differences exist in policy instrument configuration
between the two administrations: the Trump administration emphasized supply-side and demand-side policy tools
to strengthen technological innovation and industrial competitiveness, while the Biden administration has focused
more on environmental policy instruments, highlighting a governance-oriented approach. Overall, the U.S. AI
policy demonstrates a dynamic evolution from“technological competition” to“governance and regulation,”
and then back to“strengthened competition.” This research contributes to a systematic understanding of the
evolutionary logic of the U.S. AI policy and provides a reference for other countries conducting studies on AI
governance. |
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