| 陈曦,李志明,谭鹏,杜军.美、欧、日、印等国家和地区科技安全治理逻辑比较分析及对华启示[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2026,41(4):69~76 |
| 美、欧、日、印等国家和地区科技安全治理逻辑比较分析及对华启示 |
| Science and Technology Security Governance in the U.S., EU, Japan, and India: A Comparative Study of Governance Rationales and Implications for China |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-22 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 科技安全；国际比较；对华启示 |
| 英文关键词: Science and Technology Security; International Comparison; Implications for China |
| 基金项目:云南省科技发展战略与政策研究专项“科技安全风险预警机制研究”（202404AL030034）；云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“2026 年科技安全专项支撑”（202604AW380014）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以美国、欧盟、日本、印度等主要国家和地区为对象，比较分析了其科技安全治理逻辑的差异
与共性。发现各国治理侧重各有不同：美国倾向于通过出口管制、技术联盟和供应链本土化等手段维
护其技术领先地位，政策呈现较强竞争导向；欧盟注重以立法为先导，追求技术主权与数字自主；日
本以产业安全为核心关切，在同盟框架下谋求战略自主并推动关键技术领域的追赶；印度则秉持务实
策略，通过技术产业政策和外资调控保护本土核心利益。各国共同趋势包括将科技安全提升至国家
战略核心，构建法治化政策体系，强化供应链韧性与技术主权，加强新兴技术伦理监管等。基于国际
比较，提出对中国科技安全治理的启示，如增强顶层统筹协调、完善法律法规、创新政策工具箱、构
建风险治理框架，并在开放合作中提升自主可控能力。为应对中国面临的发展与安全挑战，提供了分
析框架与政策参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Taking major countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, and
India as subjects, this study comparatively analyzes the differences and commonalities in their science and
technology (S&T) security governance rationales. The findings reveal that each country has distinct governance
priorities: the United States tends to maintain its technological leadership through means such as export controls,
technology alliances, and supply chain localization, with policies showing a strong competitive orientation; the
European Union emphasizes legislation as a guide, pursuing technological sovereignty and digital autonomy;
Japan focuses on industrial security, seeking strategic autonomy within its alliance framework while promoting
catch-up in key technological areas; India adopts a pragmatic strategy, protecting its core domestic interests
through high-tech industrial policies and foreign investment regulations. Common trends among these countries
include elevating S&T security to the core of national strategy, building legalized policy systems, strengthening
supply chain resilience and technological sovereignty, and enhancing ethical regulation of emerging technologies.
Based on international comparisons, this paper proposes implications for China’s S&T security governance,
such as strengthening top-level coordination and overall planning, improving laws and regulations, innovating
policy toolkits, constructing a risk governance framework, and enhancing self-reliance capability through open
cooperation. This provides a useful analytical framework and policy options for addressing China’s current
challenge of balancing development and security |
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