| 邱浩钧,刘雪梅.美国对华人工智能出口管制的议程动态、
影响评估与中国应对[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2026,41(6):1~10 |
| 美国对华人工智能出口管制的议程动态、
影响评估与中国应对 |
| The Evolving U.S. Artificial Intelligence Export Control Agenda toward China: Impact Assessment and China’s Responses |
| 投稿时间：2026-04-30 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2026.06.001 |
| 中文关键词: 人工智能；出口管制；先进算力；中美科技竞争 |
| 英文关键词: Artificial Intelligence; Export Controls; Advanced Computing; China-U.S. Technology
Competition |
| 基金项目:浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“美对华人工智能制裁的实施逻辑、监管博弈与反制路径研究”（26NDJC315YB）；浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“国际制裁冲击‘一带一路’贸易网络韧性的作用机理及中国对策”（26NDJC012YBM）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2026 年以来，美国对华人工智能的出口管制持续加码：一是围绕算力芯片、云算力和海外数据
中心收紧先进算力获取路径；二是扩大先进半导体设备及相关服务的管控范围；三是将模型蒸馏和提
取行为纳入管制与制裁框架。相关议程的立法或直接实践将造成中国先进算力供给全面收紧、高端芯
片追赶和扩产受阻、模型生态与海外合作空间收窄。中国应建立动态监测和分级预警机制、提升国产算
力集群可用性、完善海外数据中心风险管理方案、加强模型企业风险管理，以削弱外部管制在算力、产能、
模型和生态之间的负向传导，增强中国人工智能产业体系韧性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since 2026, the United States has continued to tighten its export controls on artificial intelligence
toward China. First, it has restricted China’s access to advanced computing resources by targeting Artificial
Intelligence(AI) chips, cloud computing, and overseas data centers. Second, it has expanded controls on advanced
semiconductor manufacturing equipment and related services. Third, it has brought model distillation and
extraction activities within its export control and sanctions frameworks. The legislation and direct implementation
of these initiatives will further constrain China’s supply of advanced computing resources, impede the
development and capacity expansion of high-end chips, and narrow the space for AI model ecosystems and
overseas cooperation. China should establish mechanisms for dynamic monitoring and tiered early warning,
improve the usability of domestic computing clusters, address weaknesses in advanced manufacturing, packaging,
and equipment services, strengthen risk management plan for overseas data centers, and enhance risk management
among AI model companies. These measures will help mitigate the transmission of external restrictions across
computing resources, production capacity, models, and ecosystems, thereby strengthening the resilience of China’s
AI industrial system. |
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