| 甘水玲1 王天晶 2 黄韵莹 1.我国科技资源共享政策 22 年: 演变特征、工具侧重及瓶颈问题[J].中国科技资源导刊,2026,(4):1~10 |
| 我国科技资源共享政策 22 年: 演变特征、工具侧重及瓶颈问题 |
| China’s Science and Technology Resource Sharing Policies over 22 Years: Evolutionary Characteristics, Tool Focuses, and Bottleneck Issues |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 科技资源共享;科研设施;科技报告;科学数据;政策文本;量化分析 |
| 英文关键词: scientific and technical resource sharing, scientific research facilities, scientific and technical reports, scientific data, policy documents, quantitative analysis |
| 基金项目:2024年度上海市“科技创新行动计划”软科学青年项目“上海科技资源共享的实现机理研究”(24692104700)。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 甘水玲1 王天晶 2 黄韵莹 1 | (1. 上海市研发公共服务平台管理中心，上海 200235
2. 上海市科学技术委员会，上海 200003) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以2004—2025年国家层面36份科技资源共享政策文本为样本，构建“政策方向—政策工具—政策演进”三维量化模型，开展多维度交叉验证研究。结果表明:我国科技资源共享政策呈现阶段式演化、多维度拓展的发展特征，已建成全要素覆盖、全链条统筹的科技资源共享政策体系，但始终维持政府主导的治理范式，且各方向的专项政策响应协同不足、工具结构失衡问题突出。在政策方向维度，呈现“重硬件、轻人力”的显著偏向，科研设施类政策占38.0%，科技人才类仅占2.8%，科技文献领域专项政策完全缺位;在政策工具维度，形成“环境型独大、供给型辅助、需求型缺位”的倒三角格局，环境型工具内部产权保护、共享安全供给严重不足，供给型工具存在重基建轻技术的路径依赖;在政策演进维度，科技人才共享政策长期缺位，科学数据共享政策呈现前期稳定、中期低谷、完善和创新阶段快速增长非线性演进轨迹，具有滞后性与爆发性特征，而需求型工具22年持续低位，市场动力激活不足。基于此，从补全政策供给短板、优化工具结构配比、构建动态调适机制三个维度提出政策启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper takes 36 national-level policy documents on science and technology resource sharing issued from 2004 to 2025 as research samples, and constructs a three-dimensional quantitative model of “policy orientation – policy instrument – policy evolution” to conduct multi-dimensional cross-verification research. The results show that China’s policies for science and technology resource sharing feature phased evolution and multi-dimensional expansion. A policy system covering all elements and coordinating the whole industrial chain for science and technology resource sharing has been established. Nevertheless, the governance paradigm led by the government has remained unchanged, accompanied by prominent problems including insufficient coordination in the response of special policies across various policy orientations and an imbalanced structure of policy instruments.From the perspective of policy orientation, there exists an obvious bias of “prioritizing hardware over human resources”: policies concerning research facilities account for 38.0%, while those targeting scientific and technical talents only make up 2.8%, and special policies for scientific and technical literature are completely absent. In terms of policy instruments, an inverted triangular pattern has taken shape, where environmental instruments dominate, supply-side instruments play a supporting role, and demand- side instruments are insufficient. Within environmental instruments, provisions on property right protection and sharing security are seriously inadequate, and supply-side instruments demonstrate a path dependence that prioritizes infrastructure construction over technical development.As for policy evolution, policies on the sharing of scientific and technical talents have long been missing. Policies for scientific data sharing follow a non-linear evolutionary trajectory: stable in the early stage, declining in the medium term, and growing rapidly during the improvement and innovation phases, marked by hysteresis and explosive growth. Demand- side instruments have remained at a low level over the 22 years, failing to fully mobilize market driving forces. Finally, policy implications are proposed from three dimensions: filling gaps in policy supply, optimizing the proportional structure of policy instruments, and establishing a dynamic adjustment mechanism. |
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