| 郄海拓1 张志娟1 姚雨非2 陈璐莹3 杨扬1 谭文喆1 朱倍其1.中美欧数据治理政策体系对比研究及对我国的启示——基于数据治理基础法律和国家战略的分析[J].中国科技资源导刊,2026,(4):45~54 |
| 中美欧数据治理政策体系对比研究及对我国的启示——基于数据治理基础法律和国家战略的分析 |
| Comparative Study of Data Governance Policy Systems in China, the United States, and the European Union, and Implications for China |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 数据治理政策体系；数据治理法律；国家数据战略；对比研究； 数据治理；数据治理政策 |
| 英文关键词: data governance policy system, data governance laws, national data strategy, comparative study, data governance, data governance policies |
| 基金项目:2025年国家社会科学基金项目“数据基础制度建设促进企业平衡发展的机制和政策研究”（25BGL006）。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 郄海拓1 张志娟1 姚雨非2 陈璐莹3 杨扬1 谭文喆1 朱倍其1 | （1. 中国科学技术信息研究所，北京 100038；2. 北京交通大学，北京 100044；3. 北京工业大学，北京 100124） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于数据治理基础法律和国家战略两个层面，对中国、美国、欧盟（简称“中美欧”）的数据治理政策体系进行对比研究。结果表明：在数据治理基础法律方面，中国是安全与发展并重下的国家主导型治理，美国是激励创新的分散式治理，欧盟是规则先行下的统一监管型治理；在数据治理战略方面，中国数据战略呈现国家系统规划下的安全有序释放数据价值的特点，美国呈现市场主导与行业自治下高度关注技术创新的特点，欧盟呈现权利本位下统一规则构建与对外输出的特点。基于此，对我国数据治理提出建议：在制度层面，建立“有职有权、有责有兵”的CDO制度；在理念层面，构建“安全底线+沙盒创新”的弹性治理；在规则层面，从“被动合规”转向“主动规则输出”。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper conducts a comparative study of the data governance policy frameworks in China, the United States, and the European Union from the two dimensions of foundational legislation and national strategies. Results show that in terms of foundational data governance laws, China employs a state-led governance model that equally emphasizes security and development; the United States utilizes a decentralized governance model driven by incentivizing innovation; while the European Union adopts a unified regulatory governance model based on rule-making precedence. In terms of data governance strategies, China’s data strategy is characterized by the safe and orderly release of data value under systematic national planning; the United States is characterized by a strong focus on technological innovation under market dominance and industry self-regulation; and the European Union is characterized by the construction of unified rules and the proactive export of these rules under a rights-oriented framework. Based on this analysis, the following recommendations are proposed: at the institutional level: establish a CDO system that ensures “authority with power, responsibility with personnel”; at the conceptual level: build resilient governance based on “security bottom line plus sandbox innovation”; at the rule level: shift from “passive compliance” to “active rule export”. |
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