| 王仲成.英国科技资源的统筹利用和优化配置 ——以政府财政科技经费投入为例[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2012,27(3):5~10 |
| 英国科技资源的统筹利用和优化配置 ——以政府财政科技经费投入为例 |
| Rational utilization and optimization distribution of science and technology resources in UK——An example of secience and technology funding by government |
| 投稿时间：2011-11-18 修订日期：2011-11-18 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2012.03.001 |
| 中文关键词: 英国；科技资源；科技经费 |
| 英文关键词: UK； science and technology resources； secience and technology funding |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 3192 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文重点对英国政府科技经费投入以及政府各部门之间的协调机制进行了回顾和研究。20世纪90年代后，英国形成了目前以商业、创新和技能部（简称BIS）为投入主体，其他部门为辅，以政府科技办公室为主要咨询和协调机制的投入格局。科技投入主要由三类经费组成：一类为支持不同研究领域的项目经费，由BIS直接拨给七大研究理事会。第二类为人员和科研条件经费，由BIS直接拨给高教基金委员会，按照五年一次的评估结果，以“一揽子”的方式拨给各个大学。这两类经费已经固化为“双重支持系统”，BIS代表中央政府对这两类经费提出要求和实施原则，研究理事会和高教基金委员会按照英国所形成的霍尔丹原则进行独立管理。第三类经费就是政府各个部门在部门预算内的一部分科技投入，主要是为自己部门的决策提供支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The paper mainly focuses on science and technology funding of UK government and the coordination mechanism among government departments. After 1990s， as a result of governments’ promotion and revolution, science and technology funding of UK government is dominated by BIS（Department for Business Innovation and Skill） and supplemented by other departments. At the same time the coordination mechanism among departments depends on Government Office for Science and Technology. The funding by UK government is divided into 3 types: One for the project funding according to different research areas, which is allocated directly by BIS to seven major research councils; the second for the staff and conditions for scientific research funding, which is also allocated directly by BIS to Committee on Higher Education Fund. The previous two types of funding are often called “Dual Support System”. The third type of funding is Science and Technology Input from various government departments, which is mainly for his own department’s decision-making support based on these funding. From the UK’s whole government system, only BIS, on behalf of central government, dominates the allocation of science and technology funding from government while there is no dedicated funding for science and technology from the local governments, which mainly provide public services for the people. |
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