| 李 哲,杨 晶,朱丽楠.美国国家创新体系的演化历程、特点及启示[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2020,35(12):7~11 |
| 美国国家创新体系的演化历程、特点及启示 |
| The Evolution Process, Characteristics and Enlightenment of American National Innovation System |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-21 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2020.12.002 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；国家创新体系；科技创新；技术经济周期 |
| 英文关键词: the U.S.; national innovation system; technological innovation; technological economic cycle |
| 基金项目:科技部科技创新战略研究专项“国家创新体系重大政策问题研究”（ZLY201942）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 美国作为世界头号经济科技强国，其竞争力的背后是国家创新体系的支撑。国家创新体系的演化是经济政治各种因素综合作用的结果，其中技术革命引发的经济周期是引发变化的深层次因素。结合美国科技创新活动的实际特点，可将美国国家创新体系的演化大体分为奠定基础、自发成长、国防主导、经济转向、信息化转型五个阶段。美国国家创新体系的发展经验，不仅对其他国家创新体系建设有着一般性的借鉴意义，对当前处理好中美大国博弈关系也有重要的启示，包括：形成“经济—科技—经济”的良性循环对完善国家创新体系至关重要；政府和市场对创新体系的塑造并非总是齐头并进，要在不同阶段因地制宜发挥主导作用等。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the strongest economic and technological power in the world, the United States has a national innovation system as a support for international competitiveness. The evolution of the national innovation system is the result of the combined effects of various economic and political factors, in which the economic cycle triggered by the technological revolution is a deep-seated factor that triggers the change. According to the actual characteristics of US scientific and technological innovation activities, the evolution of the US national innovation system could be divided into five stages: laying the foundation, spontaneous growth, national defense dominance, economic shift, and information transformation. The experience of the US national innovation system not only has a general reference significance for the construction of innovation systems in other countries, but also has important implications for handling of the current relationship between China and the United States, including: the formation of a virtuous cycle of “economy-technology-economy” is essential for the improvement of the national innovation system; The shaping of the innovation system by the government and the market does not go hand in hand, but respectively plays a leading role in adapting to local conditions at different stages. |
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