| 仲 平.美国政府科研数据管理政策的演进与实践
——科学开放与国家安全的持续角力与平衡[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2025,40(8):22~29 |
| 美国政府科研数据管理政策的演进与实践
——科学开放与国家安全的持续角力与平衡 |
| Evolution and Practice of U.S. Government’s Policy on Scientific Data Management: The Continuous Balancing between Scientific Openness and National Security |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-15 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 美国；科研数据；数据管理；开放科学；开放获取；FAIR 原则 |
| 英文关键词: the United States; scientific data; data management; open science; open access; FAIR principle |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 23 |
| 全文下载次数: 23 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 自第二次世界大战以来，美国的科研数据获取和共享政策在科学本身的开放性及政府数据公
开透明化双重驱动下逐步发展、完善和健全，确立了“科学开放是基础、安全是必要、自由和诚信是关
键”的科研数据管理理念，并建立了较为完备的三级政策规范与管理体系。以历史视角，梳理美国联邦
政府科研数据管理政策的发展演进，包括美国相关政策在“数据开放共享”与“研究安全保护”间的数
次角力；以现实视角，结合美国联邦政府最大的科学研究资助部门—国家科学基金会（National Sienc
Fundation，NSF）等分析相关政策要求和具体实践，以期为中国科研数据管理和国际创新合作提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The United States’ policies on scientific data access and sharing have been gradually developed and
improved over the past eight decades, driven by both the open flow of science and the government’s commitment
to data transparency. The U.S. has adopted the ideas that openness in science is fundamental, security is essential,
and freedom and integrity are crucial,and has established a three-layered regulatory system. This paper, from a
historical perspective, reviews the development and evolution of the U.S. federal government’s scientific data
management policies, particularly the repeatively conflicting perspectives of data open sharing versus research
security. From a contemporary perspective, it analyzes the relevant policy requirements and specific practices
of the major U.S. R&D funding agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF), aiming to provide insights for
scientific data management and international innovation cooperation practice in China. |
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