| 程如烟,张云翔.美国政府促进关键与新兴技术发展的政策动向 ——以人工智能、量子信息和核聚变为例[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2026,41(1):1~8,17 |
| 美国政府促进关键与新兴技术发展的政策动向 ——以人工智能、量子信息和核聚变为例 |
| Policy Trends of the United States Government in Promoting the Development of Critical Emerging Technologies |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-06 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2026.01.001 |
| 中文关键词: 美国；政策动向；关键与新兴技术；人工智能；量子信息；核聚变 |
| 英文关键词: the United States; Policy Trends; Critical and Emerging Technologies; Artificial Intelligence; Quantum Information;Nuclear Fusion |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“2025 年度学科政策动态跟踪和比较研究” （L2424136）。 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 35 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于美国近年来在人工智能、量子信息、核聚变等技术领域出台的政策法规文件，对美国政
府促进关键与新兴技术发展的政策动向进行了系统分析。其核心政策举措体现在五方面：一是通过
法案、行政令及战略文件强化顶层设计，明确发展目标、阶段任务与资源保障；二是加大研发投资，推
行多技术路线并行支持策略，降低单一路线风险；三是深化公私合作，通过设立专门机构、放松监管、
参股关键企业等方式，加速产业化进程；四是建设新型基础设施，为技术研发和落地提供支撑；五
是主导全球标准，在全球推广美国技术体系。最后，从强化顶层战略统筹、提升基础能力、深化公
私合作、参与全球治理等方面对中国提出政策启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the policies and regulations issued by the United States in recent years in technological
fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, and nuclear fusion, this paper systematically analyzes the
policy trends adopted by the U. S. government to promote the development of critical and emerging technologies.
Its core policy measures are reflected in five aspects: first, strengthening top-level design through acts, executive
orders, and strategic documents to clarify development goals, phased tasks, and resource guarantees; second,
increasing R&D investment and implementing a strategy of supporting multiple parallel technology pathways
to reduce the risks of relying on a single approach; third, deepening public-private cooperation to accelerate the
industrialization process by establishing specialized institutions, relaxing regulations, and taking equity stakes in
key enterprises; fourth, building new infrastructure to provide support for technology R&D and implementation;
fifth, leading the formulation of global standards and promoting the U.S. technology system worldwide. Finally,
the paper proposes policy implications for China in terms of strengthening top-level strategic coordination,
enhancing foundational capabilities, deepening public-private cooperation, and participating in global governance. |
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