| 李振兴.基于统计数据分析的英国科研活动特征及科学产出特点[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2014,29(8):1~6 |
| 基于统计数据分析的英国科研活动特征及科学产出特点 |
| Analysis on Characteristics of R&D Activities and Science Output of UK on the Basis of Statistics Data |
| 修订日期：2014-06-24 |
| DOI：10.3772/j.issn.1009-8623.2014.08.001 |
| 中文关键词: 英国；科研活动；科学产出；统计数据；国际比较 |
| 英文关键词: UK；R&D activities；science output；statistics data；international comparison |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2872 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2011 年，英国国内研发总投入为 274 亿英镑，占 GDP 的 1.79%，达到近 10 年的最好水平；研发经费主要来自企业、政府、海外和大学，其中，企业占 46%；企业使用经费占总经费的 63%，高等院校使用经费占 26％。研究发现，英国 25% 的职工持有高等教育资格；制药领域研发强度最大，为 38.9%；英国的论文引用率每年增长 7.2%，高于世界平均水平；在全球 1% 的高引用论文中，英国占 13.8%，仅次于美国。分析显示，英国科学产出具有研究质量和效率高、研究领域全面、知识流动活跃、国际合作产出较高但专利申请低等特点。我国与英国在科学研究合作方面具有良好的基础，应充分利用英国领先的科学研究资源带动我国科学研究整体水平的提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The UK’s gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) increased to ￡27.4 billion in 2011, accounting for 1.79% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the highest in the past 10 years. The R&D investment mainly comes from business, government, oversea and high education institutes, and the investment by business occupied 46% of the total R&D expenditure. The expenditure by business and high
educational institutes occupied 63% and 26% of the total R&D expenditure individually. On the basis of statistics data, we find that 25% of UK employees has high education degree, pharmaceutical is the most R&D intensive sector with intensity of 38.9%, the citation of UK research papers was increased by 7.2% annually which is higher than the world average level, UK occupied 13.8% of the 1% highest cited research papers. From the view of international comparison, characteristics of science output of UK were also summarized as follows, such as higher quality and efficient research basis, comprehensive research field, lower patent generation, active knowledge transfer and higher international cooperation output. As science and technology collaboration between UK and China has very strong basis, science and technology development of China will benefit from utilizing the advanced
research sources of UK. |
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